ây là Chng  Trình Anh Ng Sinh Ðng New Dynamic English bài 143.  Phm  Vn xin kính chào quí v thính gi. Ch ca bài hc hôm  nay là câu  “I Ride My Bike to Work,” Tôi lái xe p i làm.  Bài hôm  nay cng chú trng vào thành  ph và giao thông (cities and transportation). Và cng phân bit cách dùng  ch ‘‘would”  trong câu iu kin (if clause), và ch ‘‘should” ngha là  “nên.”  Bài này còn phân  bit  cách  dùng hai loi danh t  là count nouns  và noncount nouns. Thí d v count  nouns: cars,  bicycles; danh t thuc loi noncount nouns: water  (nc), pollution (ô nhim). Trong on ti, ta nghe Max và Kathy bàn v Mike Johnson, mt nhân viên k toán nhà bng là khách sp mi lên ài phát thanh phng vn. Mike Johnson works for a bank.=Mike Johnson làm ngân hàng. To ride/rode/ridden.= i (xe), ci. To ride a bike.=lái xe p.  [I ride my bike to work everyday.=tôi lái xe p i làm hàng  ngày. I rode my bike to work last week.=tun trc tôi  lái xe ap i làm.  I’ve ridden my  bike to work all summer. Sut mùa hè này tôi lái xe p i làm.]   To ride a horse.=ci nga.

Cut 1

Max (voice over): Hi, I’m Max.

Kathy (voice over): Hello.  My name is Kathy.

Max and Kathy (voice over):  Welcome to New Dynamic English!

MUSIC

Larry: New Dynamic English is a basic English language course and an introduction to American people and culture.

 Today’s unit is “I Ride My Bike to Work.”

  This program focuses on cities and transportation.

 It focuses on “would” and “should.”

It also introduces the difference between count nouns (cars) and noncount nouns (pollution).

MUSIC

Kathy: Hello, Max.

Max: Hi, Kathy.

 Who’s our guest today?

Kathy: Mike Johnson.  He works for a bank.

 It’s his first time on our show.

Max: I’m looking forward to meeting him.

MUSIC

Vietnamese Explanation

Trong phn ti,  Kathy hi chuyn Mike Johnson, mt  nhân viên k toán ca ngân hàng Stagecoach Bank San Francisco. He  rides his bike to work.=anh ta p xe  p i làm. A bike, a bicycle =xe p. To bike=lái xe p.  Bicycling, biking=lái xe p.  Exercise=luyn tp. An accountant=nhân viên k toán. Loan=danh  t có ngha là i mn, cho vay. Loans  department=phân v trong ngân hàng lo vic cho vay  tin.  Loan là danh t ca  to lend/lent/lent=cho vay, cho  mn.  May I have the loan of your sewing machine?=Xin bn cho tôi mn cái máy may ca bn. I need  to apply for a  loan from the bank.=Tôi cn vay tin nhà bng. This book is on loan from the library.=quyn sách này mn th vin. A loaner=xe hi ca hãng sa xe cho mn trong khi  xe ca mình ang ch sa. To borrow=vay, mn (from someone). You can borrow these novels from the library.=bn có th mn nhng cun tiu thuyt này th vin. Biking is great  exercise=i xe p là mt cách luyn tp rt tt. It’s much better for the environment.= i xe p  còn có li cho môi sinh. Environment=môi sinh. It’s much cheaper than driving a car.= i xe p tn  hn xe hi  nhiu. And  it’s faster than  taking the bus.=và xe  p còn nhanh hn i xe buýt  [vì xe buýt phi ngng nhiu ch cho hành khách lên, xung.]  Downtown=trung tâm kinh doanh  buôn bán  trong thành  ph. Nhn xét v cách dùng ch “hn”: Biking is much cheaper  than driving a car.= i xe p r hn xe hi.  Cheap=r; cheaper=r hn, pretty=p, prettier than=p hn. [Big=>bigger: nu mt  ch tn cùng bng mt ph  âm  (consonant) và  trc  ó ch  có mt nguyên âm (vowel) thì  gp ôi ph âm  trc khi thêm ER. Pretty=>prettier: i y thành i trc khi thêm ER.] 

Expensive=t;  more expensive than=t hn, beautiful=p, more beautiful than.= p hn. Nhng tnh t ngn có mt hay hai vn,  nh short,  cheap,  small,  safe,  big, mun so sánh hn, thêm  ER vào cui ch và THAN: prettier than; cheaper than, smaller than, safer than, bigger than. Còn nhng tnh t dài có trên hai vn nh beautiful, expensive, khi sang th so sánh hn, thì dùng  MORE + Adj.+ THAN: More beautiful  than,  more  expensive than. Ngoi l: Good= tt; better=tt hn. Bad=xu, t, d; worse=t hn.  Little=ít.  Less=ít hn. Far=xa; farther=xa hn. [Nu tnh t ngn ã  tn  cùng bng  “e” thì ch  thêm “r” thôi: noble=>nobler than (cao thng  hn).]

Cut 2

Interview.  Mike Johnson: I work for Stagecoach Bank.

Larry: Interview

 Mike Johnson works in a bank in San Francisco.
 He rides his bike to work.

 Kathy: Now it’s time for today’s interview.
 
  Our guest today is Mike Johnson
 
  Hello, Mike.  Welcome to New Dynamic English.
 
 Mike: Hello, Kathy.  Thanks for inviting me.
 
 Kathy: Can you tell us a little about yourself?
 
 Mike: Well, I’m twenty three years old... and I live in San Francisco.
 
  I work for Stagecoach Bank in downtown San Francisco.
 
  I’m an accountant.
 
  I work in the loans department.
 
 Kathy: Do you live near your office?
 
 Mike: No, I live about five miles away, on the other side of San Francisco.
 
 Kathy: How do you get to work?  Do you drive?
 
 Mike: No, I don’t. I don’t have a car.
 
  I ride my bike to work.
 
 Kathy: Really?
 
 Mike: Yes, it’s much cheaper than driving a car.
 
  And it’s faster than taking the bus.
 
  It’s great exercise, too.
 
  And it’s much better for the environment!
 
 Kathy: Our guest is Mike Johnson.  We’ll talk more after our break.
 
  This is New Dynamic English.
 
 MUSIC
 
 Vietnamese Explanation

Trong  on ti, quí v nghe my câu dùng th so sánh hn, nh Riding a bike is cheaper than driving a car=lái xe p thì r  hn lái xe hi;  It’s better for the environment=lái xe p tt hn cho môi sinh.

 Cut 3

 Language Focus. It’s cheaper than driving a car.
 
 Larry: Listen and repeat.
 
 Max: Mike rides his bike to work.
 
 (pause for repeat)
 
 Max: It’s cheaper than driving a car.
 
 (pause for repeat)
 
 Max: It’s faster than taking the bus.
 ,
 (pause for repeat)
 
 Max: It’s much better for the environment.
 
 (pause for repeat)
 
 MUSIC

 Vietnamese Explanation

Trong phn ti, Kathy phng vn Mike Johnson.  Mike thinks that more people should ride bikes.=Mike ngh nhiu ngi hn nên lái xe p. A parking space.=ch  u xe hi.  Do you think more people should ride their bikes to work?=Bn có  ngh là nhiu ngi hn nên lái xe p i làm không? SHOULD=nên. Mt cách  dùng ca ch “would” là dùng WOULD  mnh chính ca mt câu ch iu kin gi thit (conditional). If more people rode bikes, there  would be fewer cars on the roads. ây là mt câu ch mt gi thit, mt c mun cha có tht hin ti. Câu này gm hai phn, phn mnh ph theo sau if,  và mnh chính. Nhn xét là    mnh ph if,  ng t hình thc ging nh quá kh n simple past, úng ra là subjunctive   trong trng hp câu trên thì là RODE, quá  kh ca ride. Nhng nu là ng t  “be” thì dùng “were” cho mi ngôi. Và mnh  chính ta  dùng WOULD cho tt c các ngôi. Nghe li: If more  people rode bikes, there would be fewer cars on the roads. Nu nh có nhiu ngi i xe p hn thì s có ít xe hi hn trên ng l. [Dùng “fewer” trc  count nouns, và   “less” trc noncount nouns: fewer  cars; less  pollution.]  To own=làm ch, s hu.
 
 Cut 4

 Interview 2. Mike Johnson: I think more people should ride bikes.
 
 Larry: Interview
 
  Mike thinks that more people should ride bikes.
 
 If more people rode bikes, there would be fewer cars on the road.  
 
 There would be less air pollution.  
 
 Kathy: Our guest today is Mike Johnson.
 
  Mike works for a bank in San Francisco.
 
  You said you ride your bike to work.
 
  Do you think more people should ride their bikes to work?
 
 Mike: Yes, I do.  I think more people should ride bikes.
 
 Kathy: Why?
 
 Mike: For one thing, it would help the environment.
 
  Cars are the major cause of air pollution in San Francisco.
 
  If more people rode bikes, there would be fewer cars on the road.
 
  There would be less air pollution.
 
  And riding a bike is a great way to save money.
 
  It’s very expensive to own and drive a car.
 
  And if you ride a bike, you don’t have to pay for parking.
 
  And parking is very expensive in San Francisco.
 
 Kathy: If you can find a parking space!
 
 Mike: That’s right!
 
 Kathy: Our guest is Mike Johnson.  We’ll talk more after our break.
 
  This is New Dynamic English.
 
 MUSIC
 
Vietnamese Explanation

Trong on ti,  quí v nghe ri lp li. Ð ý n ch nh few=ít, dùng trc mt count noun; few cars=ít xe hi; fewer cars on the  road=ít xe hi hn trên ng  l; little=ít; less=ít hn, dùng trc mt noncount noun, nh less air pollution.= ít ô nhim không khí hn.

Cut 5

 Language Focus.  If more people rode bikes, there would be fewer cars.
 
 Larry: Listen and repeat.
  
 Max: fewer cars on the road
 
  (pause for repeat)
 
 Max: There would be fewer cars on the road.
 
  (pause for repeat)
 
  Max: If more people rode bikes, there would be fewer cars on the road.
 
  (pause for repeat)
 
 Max: less air pollution
 
  (pause for repeat)
 
 Max: There would be less air pollution.
 
  (pause for repeat)
 
  Max: If more people rode bikes, there would be less air pollution.
 
  (pause for repeat)
 
 MUSIC
 
 Vietnamese Explanation

Trong on ti, Mike Johnson nói v nhng tin li ca xe p.  Isn’t it dangerous to ride your bike on city streets? Lái xe p trên ng ph thành ph không nguy him sao? Mike thinks the city government should do more to help bike  riders.=anh Mike ngh là nhà cm quyn thành ph phi làm nhiu hn   giúp ngi lái xe p. Lane=ng nh.  Last year they made bike lanes along some of the  major streets.=Nm ngoái h xây  nhiu ng nh  dành cho ngi lái xe p dc theo nhng ph chính. There’s a lot of traffic.=có nhiu xe  c. Nhn xét: Khi mun nói “nhiu,” ta dùng “many” trc mt count noun, nh many cars, many bicycles, many streets, nhng ta dùng “much,” trc mt noncount  noun, nh much air pollution, much  traffic, much money, much time. Nhng gin tin hn, a dùng “a lot of” [hay “lots of”] trc count nouns hay noncount nouns, nh a lot of cars, a lot of  pollution,  a  lot of  money, a lot of traffic.

 Cut 6

 E mail: Isn’t it dangerous to ride your bike on city streets?
 
 Larry: E mail.
 
  Mike thinks that it is dangerous to ride a bike in San Francisco.
 
  He thinks the city government should do more to help bike riders.
 
 Kathy: Now let’s check our e mail.
 
 SFX: Computer keyboard sounds (ting ánh  máy trên mt máy vi tính)
 
 Kathy: We have an e mail from Christie in Los Angeles.
 
  Her question is:  “Is it safe to ride your bike on the streets of San Francisco?”
 
 Mike: Well, that’s a difficult question.
 
  There’s a lot of traffic, and sometimes there are accidents.
 
 Kathy: Is the city government doing anything for bike riders... to make bike riding safer?
 
 Mike: Well, last year they made bike lanes along some of the major streets.
 
  But I think they should do more.
 
  They should stop all automobile traffic on some streets.
 
  Some streets should be for bicycles only.
 
  Then it would be much safer to ride bikes.
 
 Kathy: Thank you, Mike, for being our guest today.
 
 Mike: Thank you.
 
 Kathy: Let’s take a short break.
 
  This is New Dynamic English.
 
 MUSIC
 
 Vietnamese Explanation

Quí v va hc xong  bài 143 trong Chng Trình Anh Ng Sinh Ðng New Dynamic English. Phm Vn xin kính chào quí v thính gi và xin hn gp li trong bài hc k tip.