Ðây là Chng trình Anh Ng Sinh Ðng New Dynamic English bài 159. Phm Vn xin kính chào quí v thính gi. Ch ca bài hc hôm nay là “Farmers and Water Pollution.” “Tri ch và Ô nhim trong nc”. Bài hc hôm nay cng chú trng vào cách dùng tr ng t ‘‘will” (ch tng lai) và ng t “can” (có th) nói v nhng s kh hu, vic có th xy ra trong tng lai. This program will focus on “will” and “can” to talk about possibilities in the future. Possibility, s nhiu possibilities=s có th, s kh hu. An expert=mt chuyên gia, chuyên viên. Pollution=S ô nhim. To pollute=gây ô nhim; contaminate; waste from factories pollutes rivers.=cht bã thi t xng máy làm ô nhim sông ngòi. Polluted water is unfit to drink.=nc b ô nhim không ung c. Pollutant=cht gây ô nhim. Exhaust fumes from cars are pollutants.=khói xe hi là cht gây ô nhim. She’s an expert on pollution and the environment.=bà ta là mt chuyên gia v ô nhim và môi sinh. Ta hãy nghe Kathy phng vn Ellen Williams, mt chuyên viên v ô nhim và môi sinh v nguyên nhân gây nên ô nhim.

Cut 1

Opening

MUSIC

Max (voice-over): Hi, I’m Max.

Kathy (voice-over): Hello. My name is Kathy.

Max and Kathy (voice-over):  Welcome to New Dynamic English!

MUSIC

Larry: New Dynamic English is a basic English language course and an introduction to American people and culture.

 Today’s unit is “Farmers and Water Pollution.”

 This program will focus on “will” and “can” to talk about possibilities in the future.

She’s an expert on pollution and the environment.  

MUSIC

Kathy: Hi, Max.

Max: Hi, Kathy.

 Who’s our guest today?

Kathy: Today’s guest is Ellen Williams.

Max: Oh, yes, Ellen.

 She’s an expert on pollution and the environment.

Kathy: That’s right. She’s going to talk to us today about water pollution.

Max: Great.

MUSIC

Vietnamese Explanation

Trong phn ti, Ellen nói bng cách nào mà vic làm tri (chn nuôi và trng trt) có th gây ô nhim trong nc. Ellen Williams talks about how farming can cause water pollution. Ðng t to cause là gây nên; danh t cause là nguyên nhân. The biggest cause=nguyên nhân ln nht. Pesticides=thuc tr sâu b, chut làm hi hoa mu. [Ch pesticide gm t pest=vt hay sâu làm hi hoa mu, và uôi cide=to kill=git.] Water pollution=ô nhim trong nc; air pollution=ô nhim trong không khí; ground pollution=ô nhim trên mt t. A factory, factories=nhà máy. A farm=tri chn nuôi hay trng trt; to farm=làm tri; farming=vic làm tri; farmer=ch tri. Farming is the biggest cause of water pollution in the United States.=vic làm tri chn nuôi hay trng hoa mu là nguyên nhân ln nht gây nên ô nhim Hoa K. Most farmers use pesticides to kill insects.=Hu ht các tri ch dùng thuc tr sâu b git sâu b. If these pesticides get into our water, they can cause water pollution.=nu nhng thuc tr sâu b tan vào nc ta dùng thì có th gây nên ô nhim trong nc. Pesticides can cause health problems.=thuc tr sâu b có th gây bnh tt.

Cut 2

Interview. Ellen Williams: The biggest cause of water pollution.

Larry: Interview

 Ellen talks about how farming can cause water pollution.

Most farmers use pesticides to kill insects.

If these pesticides get into our water, they can cause water pollution.  

Kathy: Our guest today is Ellen Williams.

 Hello, Ellen.

Ellen: Nice to see you again, Kathy.

Kathy: You’re going to talk to us today about water pollution.

Ellen: Yes. Do you know the biggest cause of water pollution in the United States?

Kathy: Is it... factories?

Ellen: No, it isn’t. It’s farming.

Kathy: Farming?

Ellen: Yes. Farming is the biggest cause of water pollution in the United States.

Kathy: How does farming cause water pollution?

Ellen: Most farmers use pesticides to kill insects.

 If these pesticides get into our water, they can cause water pollution.

 Water pollution can cause health problems.

Kathy: That’s really true.

 Our guest is Ellen Williams. We’ll talk more after our break.

 This is New Dynamic English.

MUSIC

Vietnamese Explanation

Trong phn trc, ta ã bit a s ch tri dùng thuc hoá hc tr sâu b và c di. Hãy ôn li ba câu chính trong bài. Most farmers use pesticides to kill insects. Hu ht các tri ch dùng thuc dit sâu b, côn trùng. If these pesticides get into our water, they can cause water pollution. Nu nhng thuc tr sâu b tan vào nc thì có th gây nên ô nhim trong nc. Water pollution can cause health problems. Health=sc khe; problem=vn . Health problems=vn v sc khe; bnh tt. Water pollution can cause health problems.= ô nhim trong nc có th gây nên bnh tt.

Cut 3

Language Focus.  Most farmers use pesticides.

Larry: Listen and repeat.

Max: Most farmers use pesticides to kill insects.

(pause for repeat)

Max: If these pesticides get into our water, they can cause water pollution.

(pause for repeat)

Max: Water pollution can cause health problems.

(pause for repeat)

MUSIC

Vietnamese Explanation

Trong phn ti Ellen tr li câu hi: “How can farmers stop water pollution?” ch tri có th chn ng s ô nhim trong nc bng cách nào? To stop=chn ng. Natural=t nhiên, thiên nhiên; natural product=sn phm t nhiên, ch nhng cht tr sâu b không phi là hóa cht. Few=ít; fewer=ít hn. First of all, they can use fewer pesticides.=trc ht, ch tri có th dùng ít thuc tr sâu b hn. One way is to use natural products.=mt cách là h có th dùng sn phm t nhiên. Destroy=phá hoi. If farmers don’t use pesticides, won’t insects destroy their crops?=nu tri ch không dùng thuc tr sâu b thì sâu b s hu hoi mùa màng thì sao? To control=kim soát; kim ch. There are other ways to control insects.=có nhng cách khác kim ch sâu b, côn trùng. Natural products will kill insects but they won’t hurt people=sn phm t nhiên git sâu b nhng không gây nguy him cho ngi. To prevent=nga. To prevent something from happening.=nga không cho xy ra. Prevent a disease from spreading.=nga không cho bnh lan truyn. Prevention is better than cure=phòng bnh hn cha bnh. Preventive medicine=ngành y khoa phòng nga. Prevent khác vi stop là prevent là ‘phòng nga’ (mt chuyn cha, nhng có th, xy ra); còn ‘stop’ là ‘chn ng’ (mt chuyn ang xy ra); Stop talking=ng nói na!

Cut 4

Interview 2. Ellen Williams: How can farmers stop water pollution?

Larry: Interview

 Ellen talks about how farmers can prevent water pollution.

· a natural product
 
 If farmers don’t use pesticides, won’t insects destroy their crops?
 
 These products will kill insects but they won’t hurt people.  
 
 Kathy: Our guest today is Ellen Williams.
 
  She’s talking about farmers and water pollution.
 
  How can farmers stop water pollution?
 
 Ellen: First of all, they can use fewer pesticides.
 
 Kathy: But if farmers don’t use pesticides, won’t insects destroy their crops?
 
 Ellen: Maybe, but there are other ways to control insects.
 
  One way is to use natural products.
 
  These products will kill insects but they won’t hurt people.
 
 Kathy: I think I understand.
 
  Our guest is Ellen Williams. We’ll talk more after our break.
 
  This is New Dynamic English.
 
 MUSIC
 
 Vietnamese Explanation
Trong phn ti, xin nghe và lp li nhng câu va hc. Natural products will hurt insects.=sn phm t nhiên s tr sâu b. Natural products won’t hurt people.=sn phm t nhiên s không gây nguy him cho ngi. Ni hai câu trên bng but, ta có câu dài: Natural products will hurt insects, but they won’t hurt people.

Cut 5

 Language Focus.  Natural products will hurt insects.
 
 Larry: Listen and repeat.
 
 Max: Natural products will hurt insects.
 
 (pause for repeat)
 
 Max: Natural products won’t hurt people.
 
 (pause for repeat)
 
 Max: Natural products will hurt insects but they won’t hurt people.
 
 (pause for repeat)
 
 MUSIC
 
 Vietnamese Explanation

Trong phn ti, ta nghe ch organic=hu c. Organic food=thc phm hu c, ngha là không dùng phân bón hay thuc tr sâu b bng hoá cht. Organic fruits and vegetables taste much better than other fruits and vegetables.=Trái cây và rau không dùng phân bón hay thuc tr sâu bng hoá cht thì có v ngon hn trái cây và rau khác. Hãy nghe cách dùng ch taste. Taste (verb, có v, nm ); danh t (noun, v); taste va là ng t va là danh t. Nhn xét: theo sau ng t taste là mt tnh t adjective, nh câu, This orange tastes sour.=qu cam này chua; taste là ng t. It has a sour taste; taste là danh t. This wine tastes bitter.=This wine has a bitter taste.=ru vang này có v chát. Add salt to taste.=nêm mui ít hay nhiu cho va n. She has excellent taste in clothes.=she dresses in very good clothes.=bà ta mc qun áo rt sang. If you have a bad cold, you cannot taste anything.=nu b cm thì ming nht nho. Mother tasted the soup to see whether she had put enough salt in it.=m nm súp xem b mui va cha. Thành ng: Leave a bad taste in the mouth.=lm ging (gây cm giác kinh tm iu gì). I won’t buy food from farmers who use pesticides.=tôi s không mua thc phm ca tri ch dùng thuc tr sâu b bng hoá cht. Organic food is better for my health and for my children’s health.=thc phm hu c có li cho sc khe ca tôi và các con tôi.

Cut 6

 Telephone: I won’t eat food from farmers who use pesticides.
 
 Larry: Telephone.
 
  Margo eats only organic food.
 
· organic food  
 
 Organic fruits and vegetables taste much better than other fruits and vegetables.  
 
 Kathy: Now it’s time for a phone call.
 
  Hello. You’re on the air with New Dynamic English.
 
 Margo: My name is Margo.
 
  I’m from Sacramento, California.
 
  I don’t buy food from farmers who use pesticides.
 
 Kathy: So you’ll only eat organic food, food without pesticides?
 
 Margo: That’s right.
 
  Organic food is better for my health and for my children’s health.
 
  And organic fruits and vegetables taste much better than other fruits and vegetables.
 
 Kathy: Thank you, Margo, for your opinion.
 
  And thank you, Ellen, for being our guest today.
 
 Ellen: Thank you, Kathy.
 
 MUSIC

 Vietnamese Explanation

Bây gi, ta hãy ôn li my ch ã hc. Dùng ch “organic food” nói câu này bng ting Anh. Ta có th mua thc phm hu c ch ca các tri ch. We can get organic food at farmers’ markets. Trái cây và rau không bón bng hoá cht có v ngon hn, nhng t hn. Organic fruits and vegetables taste better, but they cost more.
Quí v va hc xong bài 159 trong Chng trình Anh Ng Sinh Ðng New Dynamic English. Phm Vn xin kính chào quí v và xin hn gp li trong bài hc k tip.